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Tagol Tirith was was an Arnorian stronghold in Ruhdaur. Located on the great East Road and just south of the Trollshaws, its garrison was tasked with keeping the road safe. It was abandoned by the time of the war with Angmar.
September came in with golden days and silver nights, and they rode at ease until they reached the Swanfleet river, and found the old ford, east of the falls where it went down suddenly into the lowlands. Far to the west in a haze lay the meres and eyots through which it wound its way to the Greyflood: there countless swans housed in a land of reeds.
- The Return of the King (Book 6), Chapter 6
The Swanfleet is a vast marshland surrounding the joining of the rivers Glanduin and Mitheithel. It was once home to the Stoors, a Hobbit people, but they moved to the Shire after their numbers were greatly reduced by the Great Plague.
Khalath-Giri was a dwarven settlement in the southern Ered Luin and has been abandoned for many centuries.
The chief citadel of Maedhros was upon the Hill of Himring, the Ever-cold; and that was wide-shouldered, bare of trees, and flat upon its summit, surrounded by many lesser hills.
- The Silmarillion, Chapter 14
In ancient days, Himring was a tall hill upon which Maedhros built his chief fortress, from which he guarded the northeastern border region that became known as the March of Maedhros. After the War of Wrath, when the western lands were flooded, the plains about the hill of Himring were drowned and the top of the hill was all that remained. Left standing as an island, Himring lay off the northwest coast of Forlindon. Nothing remains of the fortress.
Haeron Tirith was an Arnorian stronghold in Arthedain. Its northern position rendered it useless following the fall of Fornost in T.A. 1974, leading to its abandonment.
It is a strange road, and folk are glad to reach their journey’s end, whether the time is long or short. But I know how long it would take me on my own feet, with fair weather and no ill fortune: twelve days from here to the Ford of Bruinen, where the Road crosses the Loudwater that runs out of Rivendell.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 11
The Ford of Bruinen is the crossing of the river Bruinen leading toward the path to Rivendell. Elrond, the lord of Rivendell, holds power over its waters.
As after indeed befell, and still the Tol Morwen stands alone in the water beyond the new coasts that were made in the days of the wrath of the Valar.
- The War of the Jewels (Part 3), Chapter 1
One of the last remains of Beleriand, Tol Morwen is the site of the Stone of the Hapless.
The fellings had at first been along both banks of the Gwathló, and timber had been floated down to the haven (Lond Daer); but now the Númenóreans drove great tracks and roads into the forests northwards and southwards from the Gwathló, and the native folk that survived fled from Minhiriath into the dark woods of the great Cape of Eryn Vorn, south of the mouth of the Baranduin, which they dared not cross, even if they could, forfear of the Elvenfolk.
- The Unfinished Tales, Appendix D
A cape in the south west of Eriador, Eryn Vorn is littered with dark pines. They are the last remnants of the vast forests that once covered north-western Middle-earth.
The Númenóreans cut down a large part of the forests to build their fleets in the Second Age, before the forces of Sauron burned down much of the remaining woodland during the War of the Elves and Sauron. Only a few secretive woodsmen dwell in the woods by the end of the Third Age.
Bizar-Filatin is the largest dwarven settlement in the southern Blue Mountains.
Now they had gone on far into the Lone-lands, where there were no people left, no inns, and the roads grew steadily worse.
- The Hobbit, Chapter 2
The Lone-lands are the wilderlands east of Bree-land. Littered with the remains of long-abandoned Arnorian settlements, they were completely deserted by the end of the Third Age.
Thafar-Damith is a dwarven settlement in the southern Ered Luin.
Nara-Athuk is a dwarven settlement in the southern Ered Luin.
‘We have reached the borders of the country that Men call Hollin; many Elves lived here in happier days, when Eregion was its name. Five-and-forty leagues as the crow flies we have come, though many long miles further our feet have walked. The land and the weather will be milder now, but perhaps all the more dangerous.’
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 2), Chapter 3
A low ridge on the eastern side of the Misty Mountains, Hollin ridge once marked the border of the elven realm of Eregion.
To the north of the great height of Mount Dolmed was Gabilgathol, which the Elves interpreted in their tongue Belegost, that is Mickleburg; and southward was delved Tumunzahar, by the Elves named Nogrod, the Hollowbold.
- The Silmarillion, Chapter 10
Once looming over the only known path from Beleriand to Eriador, Mount Dolmed is a mountain on the western edge of the Ered Luin. Some of the first dwarves founded the cities of Belegost and Nogrod east of the mountain in the Years of the Trees. Like much of the Ered Luin, it was heavily damaged in the drowning of Beleriand.
Iaur Amdir was an Arnorian town in Rhudaur. Largely abandoned by the time of the war with Angmar, the remaining population was wiped out by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
Located at the tip of the Angle where the rivers Hoarwell and Loudwater meet, its ruins have since become home to a watchtower of the Northern Dúnedain dwelling in the region.
A mist arose from the river and hid them from their enemies, and they escaped over the Brithiach into Dimbar, and wandered among the hills beneath the sheer walls of the Crissaegrim, until they were bewildered in the deceits of that land and knew not the way to go on or to return. There Thorondor espied them, and he sent two of his eagles to their aid; and the eagles bore them up and brought them beyond the Encircling Mountains to the secret vale of Tumladen and the hidden city of Gondolin, which no Man yet had seen.
- The Silmarillion, Chapter 18
The Crissaegrim were a great mountain range of Beleriand. Hidden in its valleys was the great city of Gondolin. Following the drowning of Beleriand, most of the Crissaegrim were submerged by the sea. Only their peaks remain.
Now the people of Caranthir dwelt furthest east beyond the upper waters of Gelion, about Lake Helevorn under Mount Rerir and to the southward; and they climbed the heights of Ered Luin and looked eastward in wonder, for wild and wide it seemed to them were the lands of Middle-earth.
- The Silmarillion, Chapter 13
Once home to a fortress of one of the Sons of Fëanor, Mount Rerir was a great mountain in the First Age. Likely abandoned after the Battle of Sudden Flame, the War of Wrath left the once mighty mountain greatly diminished.
The ground now became damp, and in places boggy and here and there they came upon pools, and wide stretches of reeds and rushes filled with the warbling of little hidden birds. They had to pick their way carefully to keep both dry-footed and on their proper course. At first they made fair progress, but as they went on, their passage became slower and more dangerous. The marshes were bewildering and treacherous, and there was no permanent trail even for Rangers to find through their shifting quagmires. The flies began to torment them, and the air was full of clouds of tiny midges that crept up their sleeves and breeches and into their hair.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 11
Located between the Chetwood and the Weather-hills, the Midgewater Marshes are a fly-infested fen.
Between Ramdal and Gelion there stood a single hill of great extent and gentle slopes, but seeming mightier than it was, for it stood alone; and that hill was named Amon Ereb.
- The Silmarillion, Chapter 14
The hill of Amon Ereb was once a dominant feature in the southern plains of eastern Beleriand. Its position at the southern end of the hills of Andram where the eastern passage into the southern parts of eastern Beleriand lay, made it an important strategic position in the First Age. It now sits on the western shores of Forlindon.
Balan Ostronn was an Arnorian stronghold in Rhudaur. Located on the eastern edge of the Angle, it was abandoned by the time of the war with Angmar.
Imlanen is a Nandorin village in the forests of Harlindon. Hidden in the wooded foothills of the Blue Mountains, it is nearly impossible to find. The villagers use a small island in the nearby lake for high festivals.
Night was waning on the twenty-second day of September when drawing together again they came to Sarn Ford and the southernmost borders of the Shire. [The Nazgûl] found them guarded for the Rangers barred their way. But this was a task beyond the power of the Dúnedain; and maybe it would still have proved a even if their captain, Aragorn, had been with them. But he was away to the north, upon the East Road near Bree; and the hearts even of the Dúnedain misgave them.
- The Unfinished Tales (Part 3), The Hunt for the Ring
Guarded by the Rangers of the North, Sarn Ford lies on far the southern border of the Shire. It is the stone ford of the River Baranduin.
There Mount Rerir, and about it many lesser heights, stood out from the main range of Ered Lindon westward; and in the angle between Rerir and Ered Lindon there was a lake, shadowed by mountains on all sides save the south. That was Lake Helevorn, deep and dark, and beside it Caranthir had his abode;
- The Silmarillion, Chapter 13
Lake Helevorn lies at the foot of Mount Rerir.
We have now come to the River Hoarwell, that the Elves call Mitheithel. It flows down out of the Ettenmoors, the troll-fells north of Rivendell, and joins the Loudwater away in the South. Some call it the Greyflood after that. It is a great water before it finds the Sea. There is no way over it below its sources in the Ettenmoors, except by the Last Bridge on which the Road crosses.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 12
Located on the Hoarwell just west of the Trollshaws, the Last Bridge marked the middle point between Weathertop and Rivendell along the great East Road.
The origins of the ancient bridge are unknown. It might have been built as early as the First Age, although it likely saw modifications and repairs by the Northern Dúnedain as they maintained it throughout the Second and the Third Age.
Aldarion had a great hunger for timber desiring to make Númenor into a great naval power; his felling of trees in Númenor had caused great dissensions. In voyages down the coasts he saw with wonder the great forests, and he chose the estuary of the Gwathló for the site of a new haven entirely under Númenórean control [...] There he began great works, that continued to be extended after his days.
- The Unfinished Tales, Appendix D
Located on estuary of the river Gwathló, Lond Daer was the first Númenórean colony on the shores of Middle-earth. Founded by S.A. 800, it served as an important port, especially for transporting lumber from Middle-earth to Númenor.
Largely ruined by the Downfall of Númenor and the subsequent reshaping of the shores of Middle-earth, Lond Daer was soon abandoned in favor of Tharbad in the early Third Age. By the end of the Third Age, the site of Lond Daer was mostly covered by estuarine salt marshes, with only a few islands and low hills indicating where this once-mighty city stood.
But beyond, in the great fief of Belfalas, dwelt Prince Imrahil in his castle of Dol Amroth by the sea. - The Return of the King (Book 5) CH 1
This area in the southern coastal region of Gondor is well-known for its strategic position and deep-rooted history. Located on a narrow piece of land extending into the Bay of Belfalas, it is bordered by the sea on three sides, offering inherent protection and a thriving harbor. The Prince of Dol Amroth, from a noble lineage known for their bravery and allegiance to Gondor, governs the city.
Established by people from Númenor during the Second Age, the city showcases a mix of Númenórean and Elven ancestry, which is visible in its buildings and way of life. The city showcases beautiful stone structures, high waterfront barriers, and vibrant gardens that mirror its affluence from the sea trade and high level of culture. Gondor's maritime heritage is unparalleled, boasting a strong navy that defends the southern coasts and participates in widespread commerce.
The city is known for its prestigious Swan Knights, revered fighters respected for their courage and expertise. The Prince Imrahil leads these knights who are known for their steadfast loyalty and powerful presence in combat. The elite soldiers' reputation mirrors the city's commitment to martial excellence and safeguarding Gondor.
This city's important and lively role in Gondor's history is due to its beautiful surroundings, strong military presence, and exceptional leadership. The coastal allure, enhanced by its strategic significance, showcases the endurance and cultural diversity of Middle-earth.
A group of Rohirric settlers built Neahburg on the foundations of an old Middle-Men hillfort. Located in the north-east of the West Marches, it is the village closest to the rest of Rohan geographically and culturally. Its strong Rohirric roots set it apart from most other West-march settlements.
Three Elf-towers of immemorial age were still to be seen on the Tower Hills beyond the western marches. They shone far off in the moonlight. The tallest was furthest away, standing alone upon a green mound. The Hobbits of the Westfarthing said that one could see the Sea from the top of that tower; but no Hobbit had ever been known to climb it.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Prologue
The grandest of the three White Towers on the Tower Hills, Elostirion has held one of the Palantíri of Arnor for many millenia. They were built by Gil-galad as a gift to Elendil in the last Second Age.
‘I don’t know if the Road has ever been measured in miles beyond the Forsaken Inn, a day’s journey east of Bree,’ answered Strider. ‘Some say it is so far, and some say otherwise. It is a strange road, and folk are glad to reach their journey’s end, whether the time is long or short.'
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 11
Located east of Bree and along the great East Road, the Forsaken Inn is a long abandoned ruin. By the time of the War of the Ring, it has been a ruin for over 60 years.
Besides Bree itself, there was Staddle on the other side of the hill, Combe in a deep valley a little further eastward, and Archet on the edge of the Chetwood. Lying round Bree-hill and the villages was a small country of fields and tamed woodland only a few miles broad. [...]
To their left they could see some of the houses and hobbit-holes of Staddle on the gentler south-eastern slopes of the hill
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 9
Located on the gentler south-eastern slopes of Bree-hill, Staddle is one of the three smaller villages surrounding Bree. Exclusively inhabited by Hobbits, it is the only known settlement of this kind outside of the Shire at the end of the Third Age.
The village houses a branch of the Underhill family who occupy a larger smial at the at the village's southern end. The Hobbits of Staddle are also known for the pipe-weed they grow on the southern slopes of Bree-hill.
Besides Bree itself, there was Staddle on the other side of the hill, Combe in a deep valley a little further eastward, and Archet on the edge of the Chetwood. Lying round Bree-hill and the villages was a small country of fields and tamed woodland only a few miles broad. [...]
Down in a deep hollow away north of the Road there were wisps of rising smoke that showed where Combe lay;
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 9
Combe is one of the three smaller villages surrounding Bree. It lies in a deep valley on the eastern end of Bree-hill.
From Ost-in-Edhil, the city of the Elves, the highroad ran to the west gate of Khazad-dûm, for a friendship arose between Dwarves and Elves, such as has never elsewhere been, to the enrichment of both those peoples. In Eregion the craftsmen of the Gwaith-i-Mírdain, the People of the Jewel-smiths, surpassed in cunning all that have ever wrought, save only Fëanor himself; and indeed greatest in skill among them was Celebrimbor, son of Curufin.
- The Silmarillion, Of the Rings of Power
Once the chief city of the Elven realm of Eregion, Ost-in-Edhil was home to the great Elven Smith Celebrimbor and his brotherhood. It was here where the Rings of Power were forged.
During the War of the Elves and Sauron, the Dark Lord sacked the city, killing Celebrimbor and reclaiming all but the three Elven Rings of Power.
The hobbits were glad to leave the cheerless lands and the perilous Road behind them; but this new country seemed threatening and unfriendly. As they went forward the hills about them steadily rose. Here and there upon heights and ridges they caught glimpses of ancient walls of stone, and the ruins of towers: they had an ominous look. Frodo, who was not walking, had time to gaze ahead and to think. He recalled Bilbo’s account of his journey and the threatening towers on the hills north of the Road, in the country near the Trolls’ wood where his first serious adventure had happened.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 12
The Trollshaws are an upland woodland located in the former kingdom of Rhudaur. While many castles and towers littered the tops of its hills in the days of the kingdom of Arnor, only their ruins remain now. Over the past centuries, the Trollshaws have mainly been home to Stone-trolls that have made the journey along the East Road increasingly dangerous.
Besides Bree itself, there was Staddle on the other side of the hill, Combe in a deep valley a little further eastward, and Archet on the edge of the Chetwood. Lying round Bree-hill and the villages was a small country of fields and tamed woodland only a few miles broad.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 9
Located north-east of Bree-hill, Archet is one of the three smaller villages surrounding Bree. It lies north of the East Road and north-east of Combe at the southern edge of the Chetwood.
Even in the Shire the rumour of the Barrow-wights of the Barrow-downs beyond the Forest had been heard. But it was not a tale that any hobbit liked to listen to, even by a comfortable fireside far away.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 7
The Barrow-downs are a series of hills between the Old Forest and Bree, crowned with burial mounds dating back to the First Age. Revered by the Northern Dúnedain, they buried many lords and kings there.
Following the split of the kingdom of Arnor, the Barrow-downs became part of the kingdom of Cardolan. After Cardolan's defeat at the hands of the Witch King, many Dúnedain fled there. After the Great Plague killed the remaining Dúnedain, the Witch King released evil spirits into the hills. Known as Barrow-wights, they have been haunting the area ever since.
Nand Calen was a village in Harlindon. A great manor once sat in the village's centre but like the rest of the village, it too has been deserted for many centuries. Most of the village's population either sailed for Valinor or moved to the seaside village of Tirannui.
Minthaun is a Nandorin village in the forests of Harlindon.
Barad Ethir is a village at the western end of the Gulf of Lhûn in Harlindon. Its most prominent feature is its lighthouse, which helps to safely lead ships through the Gulf.
Taurbar is a Nandorin village in the forests of Harlindon.
Upon the shores of the Gulf of Lhûn the Elves built their havens, and named them Mithlond; and there they held many ships, for the harbourage was good. From the Grey Havens the Eldar ever and anon set sail, fleeing from the darkness of the days of Earth; for by the mercy of the Valar the Firstborn could still follow the Straight Road and return, if they would, to their kindred in Eressëa and Valinor beyond the encircling seas.
- The Silmarillion, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age
Built at the very beginning of the Second Age, Mithlond is the largest Elven settlement west of the Misty Mountains. It is the de-facto capital of the Elven realm of Lindon and is ruled by Círdan the Shipwright, one of the oldest and wisest Elves in Middle-earth.
Its havens have played a vital role throughout the history of the Northern Realms, serving as a wharf for both Númenórean and Gondorian hosts that went on to crush the armies threatening the safety of the peoples of Eriador.
A mighty realm in its own right, the Elves of Lindon have helped fend off the armies of Sauron and the Witch King throughout the Second and Third Age. Lindon's strength is greatly diminished by the end of the Third Age however, as many of its inhabitants have left Middle-earth for Valinor. The harbours of Mithlond offer passage there and are the chief destination for all Elves that desire to return to their homeland.
The fishing village of Tirannui sits on the western shores of Harlindon.
Echor Brethil is a Nandorin village in the forests of Harlindon.
After the end of the First Age the power and wealth of Khazad-dûm was much increased; for it was enriched by many people and much lore and craft when the ancient cities of Nogrod and Belegost in the Blue Mountains were ruined at the breaking of Thangorodrim.
- Appendix A, Durin’s Folk
Guarding one of the only passes over the Blue Mountains, the city of Nogrod was one of the first dwarven dwellings in Middle-earth. After prospering for much of the First Age, the city was heavily damaged in the War of Wrath. This led most of its remaining inhabitants to abandon the city in favor of Khazad-Dûm early in the Second Age.
Eärailin was a Noldor village near the western shores of Forlindon. Established after the drowning of Beleriand in the First Age, it was abandoned early in the Third Age as its inhabitants sailed to Valinor.
Tarnasirya was a Noldor village in Forlindon. Established after the drowning of Beleriand in the First Age, it was abandoned early in the Third Age as its inhabitants sailed to Valinor.
After the abandonment of Belegost and Nogrod, the dwarves of the Blue Mountains founded new settlements there, including Adjân-Lazhar. After the establishment of Thorin's Halls following the loss of Erebor, many inhabitants of Adjân-Lazhar chose to move there, leaving much of the settlement deserted.
After the end of the First Age the power and wealth of Khazad-dûm was much increased; for it was enriched by many people and much lore and craft when the ancient cities of Nogrod and Belegost in the Blue Mountains were ruined at the breaking of Thangorodrim.
- Appendix A, Durin’s Folk
Guarding one of the only passes over the Blue Mountains, the city of Belegost was one of the first dwarven dwellings in Middle-earth. After prospering for much of the First Age, the city was heavily damaged in the War of Wrath. This led most of its remaining inhabitants to abandon the city in favor of Khazad-Dûm early in the Second Age.
Amon Garth was an Arnorian town in Arthedain. Largely abandoned due to the war with Angmar, the remaining population was wiped out by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
But when Eärnur came to the Grey Havens there was joy and great wonder among both Elves and Men. So great in draught and so many were his ships that they could scarcely find harbourage, though both the Harlond and the Forlond also were filled; and from them descended an army of power, with munition and provision for a war of great kings.
- Appendix A, The Númenorean Kings
The haven of Harlond, located on the southern shores of the Gulf of Lhûn, is one of the large three Elven harbours in Lindon.
Gwaeryn was an Arnorian town in Arthedain. It was abandoned following the fall of Fornost in T.A. 1974.
Númenetsir is a Noldor village on western shores of Forlindon.
Nanderessea was a Noldor village in Forlindon. It was abandoned around T.A. 2900 as its inhabitants sailed to Valinor.
Yantaorna was a Noldor village in Forlindon. It was abandoned around T.A. 2900 as its inhabitants sailed to Valinor.
Located at the northern end of Lake Evendim, Athradamen was an Arnorian town in Arthedain. Its proximity to Annúminas made it a flourishing fishing and trade town at the end of the Second and at the beginning of the Third Age.
The decline of the Northern Dúnedain following the war of the Last Alliance and the subsequent abandonment of Annúminas in T.A. 861 resulted in Athradamen's importance diminishing. It too was abandoned within a few centuries.
Beriarhûn was an Arnorian stronghold in Arthedain. Located to the north-east of Fornost, it was destroyed by the Witch King before his capture of the city in T.A. 1974.
Minas Gwarth was an Arnorian stronghold in Rhudaur. Initially built as a defence against Arthedain along the Weather Hills, it was abandoned by the time of the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
Vilges-Bakti is a Lossoth village in Forochel. An isolated and primitive people, the Lossoth have inhabited the very northern parts of Middle-earth for many millennia.
Argwaedh was an Arnorian town in Arthedain. Largely abandoned by the time of the war with Angmar, the remaining population was wiped out by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
Amon Deryn was an Arnorian stronghold in Arthedain. Its northern position rendered it useless following the fall of Fornost in T.A. 1974, leading to its abandonment.
After Erebor was taken over by Smaug, the Longbeards fled to the Blue Mountains where they founded new settlements, including Arganzulum. The majority of the dwarven population lives in the southern Ered Luin, giving Arganzulum a chance to flourish. It continues to grow, even after the retaking of Erebor.
Baraduin was an Arnorian stronghold in Arthedain. Its northern position rendered it useless following the fall of Fornost in T.A. 1974, leading to its abandonment.
Maethoriach was an Arnorian town in Rhudaur. Located just east of the Weather Hills, it was destroyed by Angmar in T.A. 1409 when the Witch King attacked and captured Amon Sûl.
When the waves consumed Beleriand and the regions around it after the War of Wrath, not all of the western lands were lost. A part of the highlands that had been Dorthonion survived the inrush of the sea, and remained as an island far off the western coasts of Forlindon named Tol Fuin.
Ornduirro was an Arnorian town in Arthedain. Largely abandoned due to the war with Angmar, the remaining population was wiped out by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
Joganjálbmi is a Lossoth village in Forochel. An isolated and primitive people, the Lossoth have inhabited the very northern parts of Middle-earth for many millennia.
Located within a forest just south of the Icebay, Varrejarvi is a Lossoth village in Forochel. Its villagers live off the forest and lake, netting fish in the lake, setting traps for rabbits and other small animals, and hunting for bigger animals in the forest.
During the summer they regularly gather around the large fireplace in the centre of the village, telling stories and worshiping their gods. The cold temperatures in winter require them to gather in the central hut instead. To appease the forest ghosts, they have regular rituals in the central hut or at their sacred larch coppice to the village's south.
The northern-most village of the Lossoth in Forochel, Sogjide Gaddi is located on the eastern end of the Icebay. The harsh climate makes farming impossible, so its people live almost entirely off of fishing.
But long before, in the first days of the North Kingdom, they built a great watch-tower on Weathertop, Amon Sûl they called it. It was burned and broken, and nothing remains of it now but a tumbled ring, like a rough crown on the old hill’s head. Yet once it was tall and fair. It is told that Elendil stood there watching for the coming of Gil-galad out of the West, in the days of the Last Alliance.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 11
The southernmost top of the Weather Hills, there had been a tower on Weathertop (or Amon Sûl) dating back to the days of King Elendil. It was here where one of Arnor's Palantíri was stored for the first half of the Third Age.
The Palantír and its central location made the tower an important strategic position that was sought after by all three successor kingdoms of Arnor, eventually landing in the possession of the kingdom of Arthedain. The Witch King lay siege to Amon Sûl in T.A. 1409 and razed it to the ground upon capturing it. However, a few Dúnedain managed to rescue Amon Sûl's Palantír and brought it to Fornost Erain.
There was room and to spare for incomers, and ere long the Hobbits began to settle in ordered communities. Most of their earlier settlements had long disappeared and been forgotten in Bilbo’s time; but one of the first to become important still endured, though reduced in size; this was at Bree and in the Chetwood that lay round about, some forty miles east of the Shire.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Prologue
The Chetwood is a forest east of Bree-hill. The village of Archet lies near its edge.
Ealggana is a Lossoth village in Forochel. An isolated and primitive people, the Lossoth have inhabited the very northern parts of Middle-earth for many millennia. Located close to the larger village of Falisluokta, the people of Ealggana mostly live off farming and hunting.
The last leaders of the Faithful, Elendil and his sons, escaped from the Downfall with nine ships, bearing a seedling of Nimloth, and the Seven Seeing-stones (gifts of the Eldar to their House); and they were borne on the wind of a great storm and cast upon the shores of Middle-earth. There they established in the North-west the Númenórean realms in exile, Arnor and Gondor. Elendil was the High King and dwelt in the North at Annúminas; and the rule in the South was committed to his sons, Isildur and Anárion.
- Appendix A, The Númenórean Kings
Founded by Elendil after the downfall of Númenor, Annúminas served as the kingdom of Arnor's capital for almost a millenium.
The decline of the Northern Dúnedain following the war of the Last Alliance led them to desert Annúminas in favour of Fornost Erain in T.A. 861, leaving the city to ruin.
As the city never saw battle, much of its remains survive to the present day, despite having been abandoned for more than two millenia. This includes the royal palace, the royal baths, and the city's circus.
Ost-in-Forn was an Arnorian stronghold in Arthedain. Initially built to defend Arthedain against Angmar, its northern position rendered it useless following the fall of Fornost in T.A.1974, leading to its abandonment.
In the North after the war and the slaughter of the Gladden Fields the Men of Westernesse were diminished, and their city of Annúminas beside Lake Evendim fell into ruin; and the heirs of Valandil removed and dwelt at Fornost on the high North Downs, and that now too is desolate. Men call it Deadmen’s Dike, and they fear to tread there. For the folk of Arnor dwindled, and their foes devoured them, and their lordship passed, leaving only green mounds in the grassy hills.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 2), Chapter 2
Likely built by the Northern Dúnedain in the late Second Age, Fornost (or Fornost Erain) was the largest human settlement in the north-west of Middle-earth for much of the Third Age.
After the abandonment of Annúminas in T.A. 861, it became the capital of the kingdom of Arnor and later of Arthedain, one of its successor kingdoms.
Only very little remains of the once mighty city now, as much of it was destroyed in the Witch King's capture of the city. After his defeat, the remaining Dúnedain did not rebuild their former capital, leaving its remains to decay.
Its ruins were said to be haunted with no one but the Dúnedain visiting what was now commonly known as Deadman's Dike.
Located at the foots of a larger hillside, Falisluokta is the largest Lossoth village in Forochel. An isolated and primitive people, the Lossoth have inhabited the very northern parts of Middle-earth for many millennia.
Located on the south-western end of the Bay of Ice, Luokta-fahkon is a Lossoth village in Forochel. Its villagers are mainly hunters and fisherman, but they grow a small number of crops. Dog sled teams help them to travel farther in the winter months to hunt bigger game such as elk and musk oxen.
The people of Luokta-fahkon regularly gather next to the totem dedicated to the holy whale Fahkon to tell stories and offer gifts to the lord of the sea. The use of whale bones as well as the wall of bones that surrounds the cemetery are further signs of their devotion to the sea spirits. The large monolith in the middle of the cemetery is where the shaman gives last rights to the departed before they are buried under a cairn.
Located at the Northeast tip of the Icebay, the Lossoth village of Geagaddi is subjected to the biting cold more than any of the other Lossoth settlements. Because of its central position between the other villages, it serves as the main gathering spot for the Lossoth tribes.
A large, circular, stone sun calendar has been constructed at the top of the highest ridge. Inside are 8 thrones, one for each village leader. Here, they gather during the summer equinox to hash out trade agreements and disagreements between the people of Forochel. The yearly gathering is a time of great joy and festivities.
The people of Geagaddi are known for their worship of the dead. They believe their ancestors who have passed still live among them. Skulls of the dead can be found throughout their burial area.
In Lindon north of the Lune dwelt Gil-galad, last heir of the kings of the Noldor in exile.
- Appendix B, The Tale of Years
One of the three Elven havens built on the shores of the Gulf of Lhûn during the Second Age, the harbour of Forlond was established in northern Lindon after the drowning of Beleriand.
The dwindling of the Elves has left much of the city in ruins. Only the city's centre remains inhabited by the end of the Third Age. The few remaining Elves maintain nothing but the harbour itself.
The Noldor’s interest in art and ability with stonework has provided the greatly advanced architecture seen in the city's most prominent mark, the palace of Gil-galad, the the last High King of the Noldor. It has been abandoned since his death during the War of the Last Alliance over three millennia ago, leaving the once mighty palace complex a shadow of its former self.
Edrainglad was an Arnorian town in Arthedain. It was destroyed by the forces of Angmar in T.A. 1974.
Canas Esgar was a town in Arthedain. Largely abandoned due to the war with Angmar, the remaining population was wiped out by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
The grass under their feet was smooth and short, as if it had been mown or shaven. The eaves of the Forest behind were clipped, and trim as a hedge. The path was now plain before them, well-tended and bordered with stone. It wound up on to the top of a grassy knoll, now grey under the pale starry night; and there, still high above them on a further slope, they saw the twinkling lights of a house. Down again the path went, and then up again, up a long smooth hillside of turf, towards the light. Suddenly a wide yellow beam flowed out brightly from a door that was opened. There was Tom Bombadil’s house before them, up, down, under hill.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 6
Home to Tom Bombadil and his wife Goldberry, this house lies on the eastern edge of the Old Forest and west of the Barrow-downs.
Forvenathrad was an Arnorian town in Cardolan. Largely abandoned due to the war with Angmar, the remaining population was wiped out by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
The great flood of the Long Winter in T.A. 2912 destroyed much of the city's remains, leaving only the foundations of what once was the town's centre.
Dôr Ledin was an Arnorian town in Cardolan. Largely abandoned due to the war with Angmar, the remaining population was wiped out by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
The great flood of the Long Winter in T.A. 2912 destroyed much of the city's remains, leaving only the foundations of what once was the town's centre.
Celondyr was an Arnorian town in Cardolan. Largely abandoned due to the war with Angmar, the remaining population was wiped out by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636.
The great flood of the Long Winter in T.A. 2912 destroyed much of the city's remains, leaving only the foundations of what once was the town's centre.
Casthenid was founded in the early Third Age near an old Númenórean fort guarding the Greyflood and quickly grew wealthy. Eventually, the fort was transformed into a fortified mansion, and a palace was built next to it. After the split of the kingdom of Arnor, it became part of the kingdom of Cardolan.
The war against Angmar led most of the inhabitants to desert the town. The remaining population was decimated by the Great Plague in T.A. 1636, leaving the remains of the town to ruin. The great flood of the Long Winter in T.A. 2912 completely erased the lower town and harbour.
“‘Minas Ithil they built, Tower of the Moon,’ it was called; but it is now Minas Morgul, the Tower of Sorcery. The name of Minas Anor they changed to Minas Tirith. Ever they hearken to the good side, though of old Anor was the fairest city in Gondor, save only Osgiliath the city of stars, and yet Morgul has the ancient beauty still. Fair and silent. But its beauty is an evil mockery.”
-The Return of the King (Book 5), Chapter 1
Formerly a magnificent stronghold of Gondor, this ominous fortress currently exists as a distorted and sinister reflection of its past greatness. Located in a shadowy valley at the base of the Mountains of Shadow, the fortress exudes an eerie glow and unnatural coldness, its ghostly pale light can be seen from afar. The city, formerly filled with pride but now infused with wickedness, is ruled by a skinny tower and enclosed by walls emitting a disturbing light, mirroring the decay that has established itself inside.
After the fortress was seized and influenced by evil forces, it was transformed into a base for the Nazgûl, the Ringwraiths. It acts as their headquarters, where they initiate their evil plans and strike fear into the nearby territories. The atmosphere surrounding the citadel is heavy with fear, and a sense of doom looms over the land. The previously lush and verdant valley is now a desolate wasteland, showcasing the sinister influence that now dwells there, transforming the formerly vibrant and noble city into a site of terror and misery.
The sides of the westward hills fell into shadow, and the Sun grew round and red. Here and there a misty star peered out. The three peaks loomed before them, darkling in the twilight. Rauros was roaring with a great voice. Already night was laid on the flowing waters when the travellers came at last under the shadow of the hills.
- The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 2), Chapter 9
This majestic waterfall is situated where the Great River Anduin plunges down steep cliffs. The waters rush with immense strength, producing a mist visible from far away. The area around the waterfall is marked by steep cliffs and thick woods, enhancing the region's striking and untamed beauty. To one side of the falls, a narrow stair was cut by Gondor in ages past, allowing travelers to make their way down to the lower Anduin. This waterfall is both a breathtaking sight and a reminder of the power and unpredictability of nature in this vast, mythical land.
So Thráin and Thorin with what remained of their following (among whom were Balin and Glóin) returned to Dunland, and soon afterwards they removed and wandered in Eriador, until at last they made a home in exile in the east of the Ered Luin beyond the Lune. Of iron were most of the things that they forged in those days, but they prospered after a fashion, and their numbers slowly increased.
- Appendix A, Durin's Folk
Established as the chief dwelling of Durin's Folk following the loss of Erebor, Thorin's hall is a dwarven settlement in the Ered Luin. It entered a century of prosperity after its namesake, Thorin Oakenshield, became its ruler in T.A. 2845, becoming the largest dwarven settlement west of the Misty Mountains.
After the retaking of Erebor in T.A. 2941, many of Thorin's halls' inhabitants deserted the Ered Luin, choosing to live in the Lonely Mountain instead. This ended its time of prosperity, leaving it a lesser realm of Durin's Folk.
The Enedhwaith (or Central Wilderness) was shared by the North and South Kingdoms, but was never settled by Númenóreans owing to the hostility of the Dunlendings, except in the fortified town and haven about the great bridge over the Greyflood at Tharbad.
- The Peoples of Middle Earth, Of Dwarves and Men
Located on the southern border of Eriador, Tharbad was the link between the sister kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor. Beginning as a humble Númenórean harbor and fort, it steadily grew into a major trade hub throughout the Second and the first half of the Third Age. Surviving the fall of the Kingdom of Arnor, Tharbad went into a slow decline, being largely depopulated by the Great Plague and multiple floods.
In the city’s centre lie the remains of the Bridge of Tharbad, once part of the Great Road connecting the two sister kingdoms’ capitals of Fornost Erain and Osgiliath. The bridge is adjourned by forts on either side of the river, once being jointly garrisoned by Arnor and Gondor.
The remains of the city’s large harbour, amphitheatre, and circus are signs of its former splendor. The city’s south side also features the remains of roundhouses, leftovers of the Dunlendings that once dwelled in the ruins of the city.
The Inn of Bree was still there, however, and the innkeeper was an important person. His house was a meeting place for the idle, talkative, and inquisitive among the inhabitants, large and small, of the four villages; and a resort of Rangers and other wanderers, and for such travellers (mostly dwarves) as still journeyed on the East Road, to and from the Mountains.
-The Fellowship of the Ring (Book 1), Chapter 9
One of the oldest human settlements in Middle-earth, Bree is the chief village of Bree-land. It is jointly inhabited by both men and hobbits. While men live in the houses at the foot of Bree-hill, Hobbit smials occupy the paths up the hill.
Located along the great East Road, Bree is heavily frequented by travellers and dwarven merchants making their way across Eriador. Many of them choose to stay in the village's inn, the Prancing Pony. Bree also has its own market hall, where local and travelling merchants sell their wares.
This ancient hillfort sits in the south-east of the West Marches. Being of Dunlendic origin, it is mostly occupied by Middle-Men, although a few Rohirrim have settled there over the centuries. Its location makes it the economic centre of the southern West Marches and the final defensive line before the ancient fort of Frecasburg.
‘Edoras those courts are called,’ said Gandalf, ‘and Meduseld is that golden hall. There dwells Theoden son of Thengel, King of the Mark of Rohan...'
-The Two Towers (Book 3), Chapter 6
This stronghold on a hill is the main city of Rohan and the home of the Eorl family. Brego, the offspring of Eorl the Young and the successor to the throne of Rohan, designated the town as the main city in TA 2569, shifting it from Aldburg. The magnificent hall of Meduseld, with its shining golden roof, serves as both the dwelling place of the royals and the seat of power for the kings of Rohan.
Located in the Folde, the heart of Rohan referred to as the King’s Lands, the town’s advantageous placement on a hill gives it a dominant perspective of the nearby fields, representing the fortitude and determination of its residents. Surrounded by a sturdy wooden fence, one main gate opens onto a path that slopes down to the fields beneath.
This place is not just a hub of leadership, but also represents the lasting influence and link of the Rohirrim to the productive lands that provide for them. The roads are flanked by wooden and thatched houses, with the smell of horses in the air, showcasing the strong connection between the Rohirrim and their horses.
Caras Galadhon is the heart of Lothlorien and the home of Galadriel and Celeborn. This elven kingdom is built on a hill inside the forest with the houses being built inside the trees.
Still some miles away, on the far side of the Westfold Vale, lay a green coomb, a great bay in the mountains, out of which a gorge opened in the hills. Men of that land called it Helm’s Deep, after a hero of old wars who had made his refuge there. Ever steeper and narrower it wound inward from the north under the shadow of the Thrihyrne, till the crow-haunted cliffs rose like mighty towers on either side, shutting out the light.
- The Two Towers (Book 3), Chapter 7
Named after the legendary Helm Hammerhand, this formidable stronghold is situated in a deep, natural gorge within the White Mountains, strategically positioned below the peak of Thrihyrne in the Westfold region. The rugged terrain and steep cliffs offer a natural defense, making it an ideal site for fortification.
At the head of the Westfold Vale lies a profound gorge that has served as a crucial defensive location throughout history. Flanked by steep, rugged cliffs, this deep ravine is further secured by human construction. At the lower edge of the gorge stands a formidable gateway, reinforced by the Deeping Wall and the Hornburg, creating an impregnable stronghold against invaders.
Originally established during the Second Age by the Númenórea sea-kings, the fortress was known as the Fortress of Aglarond, or "Glittering Caves" in Sindarin, reflecting the stunning, glistening caverns within the structure. The significance of this stronghold was solidified after Steward Cirion of Gondor gifted the province of Calenardhon to King Eorl, leading to its restoration and fortification, known to the Rohirrim as Suthburg.
During the Long Winter, Helm Hammerhand sought refuge within its walls, defending Rohan against a prolonged siege. His steadfast leadership earned the fortress a new name, honoring his legacy and the enduring strength of the stronghold.
“If ever you are passing my way,” said Bilbo, “don’t wait to knock! Tea is at four; but any of you are welcome at any time!” Then he turned away.
- The Hobbit, Chapter 18
A charming village located in the center of the Shire, this place is positioned on either side of the river, surrounded by the boundaries of the Westfarthing. Recognized for its beautiful scenery and delightful houses, it acts as a main gathering place for its inhabitants. The area is known for its verdant, undulating terrain and productive agricultural land, creating a picturesque setting cherished by its residents.
Many famous hobbits, such as Bilbo Baggins, Frodo Baggins, and Samwise Gamgee, reside in this delightful village. It includes a mixture of natural scenery and traditional rustic architecture, showcasing many smials, also known as hobbit-holes, which are underground homes that harmonize perfectly with the surroundings. Furthermore, there are dwellings constructed from wood, brick, and stone, creating diversity in the architectural style of the village. Sandyman's Mill, located on the river's north side, is a prominent structure that plays a significant role in the economy and community of the area. The Old Grange, a granary that has been a long-standing feature of the village, is located on the west side of the lane connecting the bridge to The Hill.
The village is famous for its community spirit and welcoming atmosphere, with locals frequently coming together for festivals, markets, and social gatherings, embodying the true essence of hobbit life in the Shire
His house was perfect, whether you liked food or sleep, or storytelling or singing, or just sitting and thinking best, or a pleasant mixture of them all.
- The Hobbit, Chapter 3
Situated in a hidden valley where the mountains merge with lush, wooded areas, this tranquil getaway provides a safe haven from the outside world. Surrounded by massive cliffs and divided by a clear river, the valley acts as a natural stronghold, shielding its inhabitants from the chaos of Middle-earth. The structure's design harmonizes perfectly with its surroundings, showcasing a sophisticated style with beautiful curves and detailed, mysterious elements that convey a feeling of enduring magnificence.
Rivendell, also known as Imladris, is a settlement of Elves situated in the Misty Mountains on the eastern border of Eriador. Elrond founded it in 1697 of the Second Age as a safe haven from Sauron following the downfall of Eregion. During the Second Age and Third Age, Rivendell continued to be ruled by Elrond. After Arthedain fell, Rivendell formed a close partnership with the Kings of Arnor, serving as a safe haven for the Rangers of the North and Isildur's Heir.
The sanctuary is famous for its collection of old scrolls and books, providing ancient wisdom and knowledge that has been kept safe over time. Gardens filled with colorful flowers and peaceful waterfalls enhance the sense of tranquility and reflection. The atmosphere is filled with the soothing sounds of water and the tranquil tunes of elven music, emphasizing the mystical ambience of the location.
A gathering place for the knowledgeable and the tired, providing advice and solace for those in need of a break from their travels. Strategy and camaraderie blend together as leaders come together to talk about important issues, forming a vital center of cooperation and negotiation in the face of the world's uncertainties.
Even as Pippin gazed in wonder the walls passed from looming grey to white, blushing faintly in the dawn; and suddenly the sun climbed over the eastern shadow and sent forth a shaft that smote the face of the City. Then Pippin cried aloud, for the Tower of Ecthelion, standing high within the topmost wall, shone out against the sky, glimmering like a spike of pearl and silver, tall and fair and shapely, and its pinnacle glittered as if it were wrought of crystals; and white banners broke and fluttered from the battlements in the morning breeze…
- The Return of the King (Book 5), Chapter 1
Situated within the realm of Gondor, this iconic city is strategically built on a hill at the base of Mindolluin, at the base of a towering mountain range. Its design features seven concentric levels, each encircled by white walls and accessed through a series of gates that spiral upwards. The architecture, embodying both the strength and ancient heritage of its people, showcases a blend of formidable fortification and aesthetic elegance.
At the city’s apex, the Tower of Ecthelion stands tall, serving as both a signal and symbol of hope to the entire kingdom. Surrounding the tower, the Citadel contains the Hall of the King and other crucial administrative buildings. This city is not merely the political heart of its kingdom but also a significant cultural and military center. Its strategic location of Mindolluin makes it a focal point in numerous battles, defending the realm against the forces of darkness.
The city's magnificence and strength are showcased by its lively community, busy markets, and lively celebrations that persist despite the presence of war. Here, the intertwining of history, culture, and the resilient spirit of the people forms a place of unparalleled beauty and importance.
Early in the Third Age, the Men of Gondor built a fortress at the site of modern-day Lisclorn. A vibrant town grew around it over the next several centuries, but was decimated by the Great Plague. From that point Lisclorn had gone through slow recovery, and when Ithilien fell and the Anduin around Osgiliath became no longer safe, the city experienced a renewal, becoming a major hub of trade between Rohan and Anórien.
Now at a point nearly midway in its course the stream of Adurant divided and then joined again; and the island that its waters enclosed was named Tol Galen, the Green Isle. There Beren and Lúthien dwelt after their return.
- The Silmarillion, Chapter 14
Set between the waters of the river Adurant, the island of Tol Galen is where Beren and Lúthien dwelled for the remainder of their lives after their return to Middle-earth in F.A. 469. In this time, the island's surroundings became known as Dor Firn-i-Guinar and their beauty was compared to that of Valinor itself.